Table 4 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects with and without DFU

 Mean Age (years)

  Males

53.56 ± 9.56

51.43 ± 13.76

0.462

  Females

55.23 ± 13.34

49.53 ± 12.13

0.012*

  All

54.49 ± 11.18

50.32 ± 12.51

0.033*

 Mean DM Duration (years)

10.62 ± 8.02

7.23 ± 5.78

<  0.001*

  Type of DM

   Type 1

3 (5.3)

18 (5.3)

   Type 2

54 (94.7)

319 (94.7)

0.945

   Others

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Mean BMI (kg/m²)

  Males

23.59 ± 11.27

26.24 ± 5.11

0.069

  Females

25.20 ± 8.77

28.23 ± 6.03

0.013*

  All

24.50 ± 9.88

27.56 ± 5.79

0.497

 Mean ± SD WC (cm)

  Males

95.72 ± 18.04

97.81 ± 13.66

0.050

  Females

100.75 ± 13.05

98.77 ± 12.74

0.894

  All

98.54 ± 15.50

98.43 ± 13.06

0.951

 Mean ± SD WHR

  Males

0.92 ± 0.08

0.95 ± 0.08

0.078

  Females

0.95 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.07

0.099

  All

0.94 ± 0.07

0.94 ± 0.08

0.916

 Mean ± SD BP (mmHg Systolic

132.63 ± 22.24

132.36 ± 19.40

0.605

  Diastolic

82.46 ± 11.99

83.64 ± 11.77

0.943

 ABPI n (%)

  < 0.9

12 (21.1)

17 (5.0)

<  0.001*

  0.9 – 1.3

27 (47.4)

242 (71.8)

  >1.3

18 (31.6)

72 (21.4)

 VPT n (%)

  <25

10 (17.5)

235 (69.7)

<  0.001*

  >25

47 (82.5)

102 (30.3)

 Mean ± SD FPG

  Males

11.03 ± 3.49

8.82 ± 3.56

0.001*

  Females

9.94 ± 3.85

8.90 ± 3.72

0.143

  All

10.42 ± 3.70

8.67 ± 3.68

0.001*

 Mean ± SD 2HPP

  Males

13.03 ± 3.50

12.06 ± 3.97

0.260

  Females

12.99 ± 3.54

11.43 ± 3.92

0.035*

  All

13.01 ± 3.54

11.65 ± 3.94

0.014*

 Mean ± SD HbA1c (%)

  Males

10.81 ± 3.24

8.94 ± 3.51

0.015*

  Females

10.94 ± 3.51

8.65 ± 3.01

<  0.001*

  All

10.88 ± 3.10

8.75 ± 3.12

<  0.001*

 Mean Plasma Lipids (mg/dl)

  T Cholesterol

200.4 ± 81.05

216.18 ± 82.79

0.165

  HDL

51.78 ± 22.78

51.45 ± 22.78

0.928

  TG

138.17 ± 64.75

153.23 ± 74.75

0.150

  LDL

121.42 ± 61.91

134.23 ± 60.94

0.144

  TC/HDL

4.67 ± 4.45

4.53 ± 1.52

0.675