Table 2 Summary of odds ratio estimates [95 % CIs] for cross-sectional studies focused on the association between depression and risk of MetS by gender, study population, continent, depression scales, MTs Scales, and Age
Subgroup | Number of studies | Summary OR (95 % CI) | Between studies | Between subgroups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | P heterogeneity | Q | Q | P heterogeneity | |||
Gender Female Male Both | 5 5 22 | 1.35 (0.90– 2.01) 1.52 (1.13– 2.05) 1.49 (1.31–1.69) | 70.37 % 0.00 % 59.94 % | 0.01 0.99 0.01 | 14.48 0.27 52.42 | 0.26 | 0.88 |
Continents America Asia & Australia Europe | 6 16 9 | 1.45 (0.94–2.25) 1.37 (1.26–1.49) 1.71 (1.47–1.99) | 79.28 % 13.03 % 21.69 % | 0.01 0.30 0.26 | 28.96 20.70 7.66 | 6.38 | 0.04 |
Depression Scales BDI CES-D Interview & DSM PHQ-9 Others | 5 2 11 5 8 | 1.52 (1.19–1.94) 1.20 (0.70–2.05) 1.70 (1.37–2.12) 1.49 (1.34–1.66) 1.36 (1.09–1.69) | 0.00 % 76.72 % 50.54 % 67.90 % 0.00 % | 0.88 0.01 0.03 < 0.001 0.44 | 0.25 8.59 20.22 28.03 4.77 | 2.76 | 0.60 |
MTs Scales ATP III IDF WHO | 27 4 2 | 1.48 (1.32–1.67) 1.64 (1.39–1.94) 2.00 (0.53–7.52) | 50.56 % 0.00 % 71.85 % | < 0.001 0.68 0.06 | 52.69 1.51 3.55 | 1.09 | 0.58 |
Study Population General Population Patients Other | 27 4 2 | 1.46 (1.33–1.60) 1.95 (1.38–2.74) 0.73 (0.18–2.88) | 35.25 % 58.25 % 89.16 % | 0.04 0.07 < 0.001 | 40.15 7.19 9.22 | 3.54 | 0.17 |
Age ≤ 50 Year > 50 Year | 5 7 | 1.66 (1.41–1.94) 1.39 (1.00–1.95) | 42.62 % 50.97 % | 0.14 0.06 | 6.97 12.24 | 0.82 | 0.36 |